How is utilitarianism typically summed up in a guiding principle?

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory primarily associated with the philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. It is typically summed up by the principle that seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number. This principle emphasizes the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility, which is often defined in terms of the well-being or happiness it produces.

By focusing on maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering for the largest group of people, utilitarianism encourages individuals and policymakers to consider the consequences of their actions and aim for outcomes that benefit the majority. This guiding principle serves as a way to evaluate moral decisions based on their overall impact on the community or society, thereby promoting a form of consequentialism where the results of actions are the primary concern.

This understanding of utilitarianism highlights its practical application in decision-making processes, especially in scenarios involving conflicts of interest or resource allocation, where the goal is to achieve the maximum benefit for the largest number of individuals.