What is the purpose of the exclusive economic zone established by coastal nations?

The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) serves primarily to give coastal nations control over the natural resources located within a specific area extending 200 nautical miles from their shores. This zone allows countries to manage and exploit resources such as fish, oil, minerals, and gas that are found in the waters and seabed of this region. The establishment of the EEZ is significant because it helps nations assert their rights over these resources, promoting economic development while also enabling the protection and sustainable management of marine environments.

While military defense, jurisdiction over airspace, and the protection of marine life are relevant aspects of maritime law and policy, they do not specifically define the purpose of the EEZ. Military defense involves national security considerations that may intersect with maritime boundaries but are distinct from resource management. Jurisdiction over airspace falls under different regulatory frameworks and is not limited by maritime boundaries. Similarly, although the conservation of marine life is important, it is not the primary aim of the EEZ, which is focused more on economic control and resource utilization.