Which ethical principle argues that actions should be judged by their outcomes for the greatest number of people?

The principle in question is utilitarianism, which focuses on the outcomes of actions and suggests that the best action is the one that maximizes utility or overall happiness for the greatest number of people. This ethical framework evaluates the moral worth of an action based on its consequences, advocating for decisions that lead to favorable results for the majority, often summarized by the phrase "the greatest good for the greatest number."

Utilitarianism stands apart from other ethical theories, as it does not prioritize rules or duties (as seen in deontological ethics), nor does it focus on the inherent characteristics or virtues of the individual (as in virtue ethics). Instead, it is outcome-oriented, providing a clear metric: the overall happiness and welfare of the population. This makes it a pragmatic approach to ethical decision-making, particularly in fields like public policy or military operations, where the impact of decisions can affect large groups of people. Thus, utilitarianism is the most fitting answer for the principle that prioritizes outcomes for the greatest number.