Which level of court-martial is presided over by one commissioned officer?

The level of court-martial presided over by one commissioned officer is the summary court-martial. This type of court-martial is designed to handle less serious offenses and is intended to provide a swift process for adjudicating minor cases. The summary court-martial consists of a single officer, typically a captain or higher in rank, who serves as the judge and jury. This officer is responsible for determining guilt or innocence and imposing penalties, which can include fines, reduction in rank, or confinement, though these penalties are limited compared to those available at higher levels of court.

In contrast, a general court-martial is composed of a panel of five or more members, typically officers, who deliberate on more serious offenses, while a special court-martial also involves a panel but can operate by either officers or enlisted members for intermediate-level offenses. An administrative court-martial, while not a recognized type in the uniformed military justice system, could mislead individuals about the structure of courts-martial in military law. Thus, a summary court-martial is the correct answer due to its unique composition and specific purpose in addressing minor military infractions.