Which type of ethical system is structured around established rules?

The correct option is structured around established rules, which aligns with a rule-based ethical system. This ethical framework emphasizes adherence to specific guidelines or regulations that dictate what is considered right or wrong behavior. In a rule-based system, the focus is placed on following prescribed norms or laws, which are often established by society or within specific organizations.

For example, military conduct codes are rule-based because they provide clear directives on acceptable behavior for service members. The idea is to create a predictable environment where individuals can align their actions with the established criteria, promoting consistency and accountability in decision-making.

In contrast, other ethical systems might prioritize different considerations. Freedom-based systems, for instance, focus on individual liberty, often valuing personal choice over established rules. Value-based systems emphasize personal beliefs or societal values, which may vary widely among individuals and cultures. Criminality is not an ethical system but rather refers to acts that violate laws. Thus, the reason that rule-based systems stand out is due to their reliance on predetermined rules to guide ethical behavior.